Geneva Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Geneva - Assignment ExampleIn adition to this, it was a center of g everyplacenance and indeed received fame just like the Duchy of Savoy was ruled by the Savoy family (Early, 2015).The reformers won the black Maria of the people by convincing them that all human beings had fallen and were sinful. They too conducted constant preaching of the evangel to make people believe and understand the message they conveyed to the public (Early, 2015).The doctrine of predestination was taught in Calvinism and refers to Gods authority of the universe and what happen in it. It states that God freely and unchangeably purposes whatever happens in the society there were 13000 people living in Geneva during Calvins theocratic rule. The Catholics wanted to crash and destroy the metropolis to destroy protestant churches which were heightening competition for followers. This would have helped them to end rivalry for followers (Early, 2015).Geneva was intimately fortified and thus formed a formidabl e war machine. It had high walls and controlled gates, which could be very stabilizing during a war, attack. The Magnin relief could also be very helpful during a war crisis and could help in controlling attackers from entering the city (Early, 2015).The Escalade is the annual festival celebrated in Genera for the victory over Savoyard soldiers who attacked Geneva in December 1602 and wanted to make it their capital city. The Duke of Savoy wanted to take possession of the city (Early, 2015).The main characters that made the Geneva people to be fond in character is the strong belief in their religion. They also had prominent scholars who inspired them and made then have unwavering corporate trust in God and their religion. In addition to this, their scholars were able to interpret the scriptures thus making them understand them fall apart (Early, 2015).Calvinism shaped a society that believed in total depravity because the whole of human kind is sinful. They also believed in unc onditional election because

Introduction to Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Strategic focus - Essay ExampleThe report discusses the different priorities that need to be balanced while working on an implementation plan. The report also discusses the feedback mechanisms and legal and ethical issues in setting up an overseas business.every organization needs to have a unique identity. Obringer (2009) says that cle ber your overall business identity is, the more potential your business is to survive and thrive. The identity also needs to be nurtured and certain to present a consistent image of the business to the bug outside world. At the outset, this involves understanding the location and capability aspects of the organization. While positioning is concerned with external factors like customer needs, competitors, legislation, environment, etc, capability covers internal factors like technology, culture, processes, skills, etc. (Thompson, 1995). These two be aspects help an organization to understand where it came from, where it is now, and where it wants to be in the near future. This requires understanding of segmentation of the customer by the firms common capability, the firms competitive stance, and its organizational classification. This will help Able Corporation narrow down on its broad positioning, i.e., technology leadership, low cost leader, etc.. The specific positioning can then be worked out based upon its product features and benefits.Once a specific positioning is decided for the organization, the companys identity needs to be communicated to its stakeholders, which includes customers, employees, and suppliers. This involves creating a company culture, creating a visible brand, and creating its vision and mission arguments. A clear mission averment acts as an invisible hand that guides people in the organization so that they can work respectively and yet collectively toward overall organization goals (Kotler & Armstrong, 1996). The statement should be market oriented it should not be too narrow or t oo broad its should be based on its competencies and should be motivating. Missions ar best when guided by a vision, an almost impossible dream. The mission statement should give a clear direction for the company for the next ten to twenty years. Such statements are typically developed after brainstorming.Able Corporation is a successful US manufacturing company located in Tennessee that builds mould tools for home use, and sells its products through large retail chains. It is currently trying to break into the global marketplace. Accordingly, its mission statement could be developed as to be amongst the top ten home tool makers of the world in terms of reliability, technology, and safety as perceived by our shareholders and customers.Prioritizing Implementation Steps Once the strategic objectives are defined, proper implementation is critically important. The processes of designing and carrying through the changes must be managed, monitored and controlled (Thompson, 1995). For pr oper implementation a few organization control systems like a hierarchical

Social and cognitive constructivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social and cognitive constructivism - Essay ExampleHowever, to know, how successful technology-incorporated learning way concerning advanced revise thoughts skill will dependent upon the strategy taken to the design, delivery, choice, and operation of suitable and in effect(p) technologies with a support arrangement to preserve and maintain the learning transactions. For this purpose educationalists must attain gratifying perception in numerous diverse regions mainly of philosophical direction to education and learning. A someones philosophical orientation will speak how educationalists will analysis teaching, learning, knowledge, and the use of technology. Educationalists those who explain and silver in their rational situation concerning the use of technologies in the learning procedures make out what they are doing as they use technologies to facilitate the learning. Till now, the common rational course in instructional technology was instructivism. Instructivists - very mu ch as well referred to as objectivism - dispute that using an educational methods design replica can be useful to instructional planners to methodically recognize the syllabus to be taught , decide how it will be taught, and survey the teaching to decide its effectiveness. Particularly, educationalists require to be cautious on to what is that is to be taught and what is that already know rather to the learning transactions. Further they are gradually arranged starting lower order to higher order learning. The instructionist stresses the significance of using an educational methods design model.

Detective Story Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Detective Story - Research Paper ExampleA group of workmen paseo on their way home could be observed from a distance. At Geneva, the banking hours changes with demand, and so in about cases, the bankers work overtime to en current that all customers are served to their satisfaction (Williamson, 1951). In peerless fateful day, channel was going on as usual in one of the small banks as the merchants brought their day bills sales for deposit. It was approaching 7 oclock and the last depositor had just departed, and the main door closed. The capitaliers were use up engaged in balancing their books for the day. When the currencyiers finished balancing their books and started packing the daily collection in bags for sound keeping, a knock was heard at the main exit door. Suddenly, three stocky men entered the banking manse patch two of them proceeded to the cash section. The third one was left to behind to keep vigil at the main door. Once inside the cash section, one of them h eld the lady cashier by her neck while placing her other hand on her mouth. Immediately, the young lady gave a piercing scream, trying to free. For the next a couple of(prenominal) minutes, they got engaged in a wrestle, and at that moment, the young lady inflicted mouth bites on the arms of the attacker. On realizing that the time was moving too fast and it was becoming risky due to the screams, the attacker pointed the gun on her head and released the bullet. The room burst into a loud sound sending every person on the floor. The other attacker had managed to take control and had already accessed the safe - he was already packing the cash in a bag. No single minute was lost and as soon as they had jammed all the daily collection and other valuables, they in haste left to a car packed bordering to the main door. The front light facing the banks main entrance was not light and it was hard to clearly observe what was happening. More so, the streets were full of activities with m en and women buying wares while others were hurriedly walking to their homes from work. As soon as the two jumped with their bags into the vehicle, the one left manning the main door also hurriedly joined them, and the vehicle speed off. It took the other bankers long before they realized that the gang had already left. It was already at night and so there was no movement into the bank. After waking up, all the staffs were in big shock to find that all their daily collection and other valuables had been taken away. They were not sure of the next action. The banks president asked everybody to remain calm as they waited for the police to arrive. With great disbelief, one of the staffs noticed a flow of blood from the point where the young lady operated. On entering the cash point, the lady lay dead on the floor, and nothing much could have been done apart from hold for the police to arrive. Time had moved so fast, and it was now at 2 am when the police and the researcher arrived. Mo st of the staffs had been released to go home, apart from the senior bank officers who were asked to be left behind as the police officers collected the evidence. As the police officers were dusting the area for the assailants finger prints and looking around for DNA samples, the detective was fetching temperatures and doing some calculations. Isaac Newton law of the cooling was to be applied in determining the

A Social Need for Children with Special Need Essay

A Social Need for Children with Special Need - Essay ExampleFrom this makeup it is clear that the inclusion of challenged children in the education system within the broader framework of special school is delimitate by accommodating infrastructure, expanding course curricula that take into account their special needs and a highly medium approach. The proactive participation of community, parents and various voluntary agencies become important factor in the rehabilitation of such(prenominal) children within the mainstream society. As the discussion declares special schools are important initiatives as it facilitates education to those children whose disabilities often lug their benefits from education as they are entitled for. The special schools cater to the numerous needs of children with disability with heighten on severe intellectual disability and other models of developmental disabilities like dyslexia, learning disability etc. Kwiotek emphasizes that disability must be lo oked from the wider perspectives of social model. Thus, social structure, institutions, environment and attitude become major elements that invasion the special needs of disabled children. The intellectual disabilities like cerebral palsy, dyslexia, autism are not easily classifiable in the early stage. They are therefore, often projected as behavioral problems of the students.

Comparison Analysis of Personal Consumption Habits Essay

Comparison Analysis of Personal Consumption Habits - Essay drillBoone & Kurtz (2006) outline the first step in the consumer decision-making cultivate as being the identification of a ad hoc problem. In the case of my food purchase, a relatively empty refrigerator represented such a problem. In addition, a personal craving for mountains was the initial motivation to visit the food market, where a serial publication of searches and evaluation of alternative brands ultimately led to a final purchase decision. There appears to be a general consensus amongst most selling research professionals that buying decisions are largely based on elements of the marketing mix (such as price and promotion), as well as previous experience with any cross brand. Pickles, under the model of consumer behaviour, usually represent low-involvement, meaning that lower price and affordability, as well as the fact that the majority of pickle brands are quite similar, would dictate a rapid purchase decisio n. However, in my personal situation, I am quite particular about the texture and flavour enhancements which are added to pickles, wherefore I generally weigh my potential brand alternatives carefully before selecting my desired product. The final pickle purchase involved a heavy evaluation of alternative brands, comparing ingredients, my own experience and disgust for certain brands, and the promotional elements of the market which included sale versus non-sale items representing a series of personal evaluative criteria. The process of searching, as stage two of the decision-making process.

Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

impartiality and Ethics - Essay Exampleem came into existence however, due to objections raised by certain citizens, the courts gave their finding of fact against these religious practices and forbade give instructions to continue with daily prayers. It is difficult to agree with the statement in the sense that religion is everyones personal belief and schools should not foster all particular religious idea among students particularly when the US constitution has granted a full freedom of faith to all its citizens. This simply means that separating church service from the school education was indeed a necessity to secure a freedom of expression of the race as their fundamental right as provided in the US constitution.At least until 1962, the regular school prayers were common but while delivering its judgment in the case of Engel versus Vitale, the self-governing romance called it unconstitutional. The Supreme Court took its view citing the organisation Clause of the First A mendment and state that the reciting prayer in the school is an unconstitutional act. The Establishment Clause ensures that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise therefore. The makers of the constitution had introduced the First Amendment, especially to prevent majority thrusting their opinions on others and the school prayers tended to do so. The Supreme Court further added that neither the nondenominational character nor the voluntary nature of school prayers can encourage the schools from violating the Establishment clause.Through the case of Murray versus Curlett, the Supreme Court put an end to the prayer recitation practices in the public schools. The Fourteenth Amendment ensures that no state can ever make or enforce any law that results into taking away the privileges and rights given to all Americans. In the landmark decision, the Supreme Court declared that prayer recitation practices were in direct violatio n of the fundamental rights the freedom of religion provided in the

Philosophy of Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Philosophy of shoemakers last - Essay ExampleHowever, he contradicts with Aristotle by determining exuberance with delight. Epicurus explains this with two reasons. The major reason is that pleasure is the only affair of amusement, and practically, value for its intrinsic benefit. Moreover, it resembles Epicurus ethical hedonism, which is signifi green goddesstly planted upon his intellectual hedonism. Epicurus explains it further by claiming that everything we do, is eventually for the sake of advancing to the state of pleasure for ourselves. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned fact can be manifestly justified with the thorough observation of the behavior of infants, who, characteristically adheres pleasure and avoids pain. As of Epicurus, this is true in field of study of adults as well, but the priorities and beliefs of adults are much more sophisticated in relevancy of the matter that what leave alone bring them pleasure. Hence, when it comes to the adults, it is more difficul t to see that this is true. Epicurus states that non all pleasures are exquisite to opt for or not all persistence can be prevented, although all pleasures are considered good and all pains are acknowledged as evil. Alternatively, one should determine what lies in ones deep-rooted presumption in equipment casualty of pleasure. Moreover, what will compel pleasure in the short-term if doing so will conclusively influence an work up state pleasure, which will last long. (Mitsis Phillip 1988)1The no subject of harm argument - Epicurus mentions that if death is the phenomenon with its outcome as eradication, then it is nothing to us. Epicurus main argument for why death is not big(p) is contained in the letter to Menoeceus. In that letter, Epicurus summarizes his ethical doctrines and he depicts death as no subject of harm argument. Epicurus questions that if death is bad, for whom would it be bad. Neither for the nutriment things, since they are not drained, and nor for the dead, as they do not exist. The expression of is argument as follows - If At All, death is annihilation, then the living things are not yet annihilated, as they are alive. Hence, we can conclude that death does not influence the living things. So, death cannot be considered as bad for the living things. Subsequently for something to be bad for someone, that person should be in existence, at least. However, as mentioned earlier the dead do not exist. Therefore, death cannot be considered bad for the dead. Nevertheless, the conclusion can be computed that death is bad neither for the living nor for the dead. Epicurus supports the no subject of harm argument of his by asserting that if death does not cause pain to somebody when he or she is dead, then it is mere foolishness to allow the maintenance of it to cause you pain now.The symmetry argument -Another Epicurean argument against the fear of death is symmetry argument, which is put down by the Epicurean poet Lucretius. He claims that a nybody who fears death should think of the time before he or she was born. The prehistorical immensity of pre-natal non-existence can be conceived as the subsequent infinity of post-mortem non-existence. However, nature has set up a mirror so that a person can think over his or her future non-existence. nought considers eternity of non-existence before his or her birth as a terrible thing. Therefore, should

The Effects of Merger and Acquisitions on the Recent Worldwide Assignment

The Effects of Merger and Acquisitions on the Recent Worldwide Financial Crisis - grant ExampleMergers occur when two or more entities come together (in a influence of partnership) to form a single trading unit- the entities cease to exist and form a new unwavering. A nigh(a) example is the merger of two banks Lloyds TSB and HBOS, following the global pecuniary crisis, to form Lloyds TSB-HBOS (Rosenbaum, 2009). Acquisitions on the other hand, equal to one entity, the bidding companionship, taking over a target entity, by acquiring, through purchase, of its stakes that could implicate shares, stocks (majority control of its capital) or assets. For example, Lehman Brothers was declared bankrupt (at a debt of 613 Billion Dollars) imputable to the recent global financial crisis was bailed out by the American Federal Government (Mihm, 2010). Therefore, the major distinction between mergers and acquisition is the seat of the shareholders. In mergers, the shareholders exchange thei r shares for shares of the new entity, while in Acquisitions the target order is bought out, with shareholders paid in change or debt. Objectives of Mergers and Acquisitions The current wave of M&A began in 2005. A report by the external Monetary Fund indicates that, during this time, the worlds real GDP grew by 4.8%. ... Many business firms prefer for M&A due to many reasons. To state briefly, it is argued just about firms, go for M&A, to cut on production cost that, it is cost effective in the long run to merge with or strike a firm producing a raw material for the larger firm. This saves on market exchange costs while the synergy due to M&A cuts on departmental and running costs, compared to an increased gross stream from a large market share and a centralized management. Secondly, M&A is seen to achieve competitive advantage, due to new market knowledge and goodwill acquired, territorial advantage of the native firm acquired. A firm will merge or acquire another, and excel in the new market, due to the knowledge and experience of the target entity, as opposed to efforts of the bidding company going to it alone, in the impertinent market (Shan & Hamilton, 1991). Another reason for M&A is the financial advantage of tax reliefs. It is argued that a company which reports loses, is more likely to be bought off by another profitable one, as the target companys reported loss will be utilized in reducing tax liability. However, most governments like the United States have legislations that limit and check against this practice (Mihm, 2010). A statistical study by Emirates Centre for strategic Studies & Research indicated that, the Arabian banks and Companies, which are smaller in size compared to similar unlike institutions needed to merge so as to remain globally competitive. Also, indicated in the report is because, in the commencement three quarters of 2008, there were 48 mergers in the Middle East only (Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Resear ch, 2009). Shan & Hamilton in their article country-specific advantage and

Climate change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

mood miscellanea - Essay ExampleNevertheless, globose community is facing a new threat climate mixed bag. People need to understand that it affects each spheres of their life. Being an international crisis, climate change concerns all countries. Mankind should learn how to deal with climate change and adapt to it.Climate change is a change in the statistical distri preciselyion of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time. It effects the environment every day. There ar national and global issues that are occurring due to the climate change (The current and future consequences of global change). Climate change poses cracking risks extreme weather, melting ice, ascent seas, shifting rainfall, floods, droughts, cyclones, and health problems. And it is non the full list. It affects the whole world, but not all regions are in the same positions. Some countries side critical problems right now. Others will face them in the near future. Risks of climate change can be grouped into different categories, for example risks to homophile health, global food security, economic development, and to the cancel world (Consequences of climate change).Climate change transforms the natural world. Oceans and rivers become bigger, ice melts, flora and fauna changes new species appear, while other species become extinct. Expanding oceans due to rising temperatures concern every nation in the world, but northern and island nations are under the greater impact. concord to Jim Hwang, Taiwan is especially sensitive to the impact of climate change. Because of flooding, people there lose their homes and cant produce enough food (1). One country cannot cope with it. Only cooperation can solve this problem, but it is hard to reach an agreement between all nations. Some countries do not want to fleet money on studies about climate change, while others do not have money to spend.Climate change is a great challenge for international law, too. Differences in bills and

What could help solve poverty in Calcutta Essay

What could help solve poverty in Calcutta - Essay ExampleA fewer of the numerous tribe who come from different backgrounds and they argon present in Calcutta include Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains. in that respect are numerous languages that are spoken in Calcutta includes but not limited to Tamil, Urdu, Punjabi and Bengali. One of the biggest issue that Calcutta is confront is overcrowding. The main reason for this is the numerous activities that take place in Calcutta. In addition, at that place diversity of the people that are present in Calcutta is one of the reason that it has a lofty population density of 4.5 cardinal people. Another reason for the over population of Calcutta is the Bangladesh conflict which took place in the 1970s which made refugees to go down in the northern and southern suburbs of the city. People move to Calcutta to take, coal, petroleum, manganese, jute, manganese and iron. This is because it is a major export gist of thes e products. Due to the large population, Calcutta has been having a big unemployment crisis since early 1950s.With the high population density and the equally high levels of poverty, Calcutta has a huge problem when it comes to housing (Banerji, 2007). It is estimated that more than a third of the city lives in places of voiceless poverty (slumdogs, 2015). In this place, the houses have poor ventilation, very limited sanitary conditions and very little forthright space.One of the main reason for the poverty is Calcutta is overcrowding. It is brought about when people are numerous and located in just one place (Phelan, 2015). This limits even the ability of the people to get ample space to live. There are numerous reason as to why people may be over be in one place. As for Calcutta, the main reason for its overpopulation is the fact that numerous activities take place there (Weaver, 1985). The main industries that thrive in Calcutta include transport industry, export industry, and manufacturing industries. In addition,

Wholesalers in the business world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wholesalers in the business gentlemans gentleman - Essay ExampleBut they have certainly been around for centuries. The role they have played depended mostly on the merchandise or service they represented. Wholesaling includes all activities involved in sell goods or function to those who buy for resale or business use (Kotler 532).There atomic number 18 three main differences between wholesalers and retailers. Wholesalers are not concerned about the location of their establishment, the ambience or about promotion, because their customers are resellers and not the lowest consumer. The transactions of wholesalers are usually bigger than retail transactions, and they cover a much larger geographical area. Even governments treat wholesalers differently, in that the tax and legal parameters concerning them are different from those for retailers.As we will insure later in this paper, there are different types of wholesalers, providing a variety of services. Some wholesalers provide selling and promoting services. These services complement the functions of manufacturers who cannot attend to these functions themselves for whatever reasons. Sometimes manufacturers are compelled to use these services of wholesalers, as local customers are more prepared to trust a local wholesaler, than some far away manufacturer.Wholesalers provide their customers a wider choice. By representing many manufacturers, they are able to assert customers the wares of all the entities they represent. Sometimes wholesalers buy in bulk, and offer their customer smaller units of a product quantities that customers cannot buy - by approaching manufacturers directly.Wholesalers also offer inventory holding services and transportation. Wholesalers sometimes render financing services by offering reference work terms to their customers. They also assist their customers by providing them market intelligence. In addition, they counsel their customers on such topics as inventory management, o perational excellence and store layout and displays.There are

Philosophical essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Philosophical - Essay ExampleAs analyzed by Plato, ideas are the actual facts and are have it awayd by the soul. The body can only have experience on shadows. The essentially rationalistic epistemology of Plato determines this.Hasker theory of Emergent Dualism illustrates that the mind emergence from the brain gives a solution to the mind-body problem. He argues that emergent dualism shares with materialism the argument that ordinary matter possess the potentially for consciousness inwardly itself, it in fact goes some way far from materialism in the power in which it attributes to matter. Considering the exemplar materialism, the physical closure guarantees that consciousness does not bring about a difference to the manner in which a matter operates itself. This implies that all of the processes in the brain are provided with a mechanistic explanation that would be just similar whether or not the processes performed together with conscious experience. On the other hand, emergent dualism recognizes that a great many mental processes are irreducibly theological, and cannot be provided explanation upon brain processes that own a extensive mechanistic explanation. Therefore, the power imposed to matter through the emergent dualism leads to the total of

Analyze companie in operation using analytical tools and strategy Assignment

Analyze companie in operation using analytical tools and strategy implementation (Apple ) - Assignment simulationThis is part of the risk management philosophy associated with their strategical expansion models. These licensing agreements are proactive protections that ensure no counterfeiting occurs and that the business concern software innovations are not duplicated by competition.Marketing is a major social pick out for Apple as their reputation relies on positive consumer sentiment about the company and its products. The business uses selling research to assist in identifying consumer knowledge about the firm and its products as part of proactive strategic leadership. A recent survey targeting teens in the United Kingdom identified that over 84 per centum had already heard of the Apple iPhone and 25 percent would be willing to pay $500 for the eddy (Jones, 18). Marketing research is important when establishing strategic pricing structures for these products when consideri ng the extent of the products life cycle on the consumer and business marketplaces. This is also part of management accounting systems in strategic development that provide a pecuniary reflection of enterprise operations (Clinton & Van der Merwe, 15). It helps the strategic leaders at Apple maintain have got over costs and can assist in planning for new product developments based on consumer attitudes.Socially, Apple must consider the business reputation related to the buying behaviors and lifestyles of its target markets. Negative promotional material is becoming more important and increases in frequency when trying to establish a brand nominal head in key markets (Dahlen & Lange, 388). This is part of the strategic governance process to ensure that proper public traffic are maintained and that the products or the company image is not tarnished by its own actions or the interventions of ordinal parties. Again, this is a risk management focus that might include hiring PR firms and developing a bring in system to

Human Resource Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resource Management - Research Paper characterWith the advances in knowledge and engineering in the past few decades, to a greater extent companies argon utiliseing to digitalization of their systems and services. Employees who are able to understand the new systems quickly are maintained while the rest are fixed off or relocated. This paper seeks to review the current trend of integrating learning and development into a wider strategy in organizations in the fall in States. Introduction There abide been several trends that have emerged lately in the procreation and development of employees in various institutions and organizations in the United States. Innovative study technologies have been utilized in some major companies to educate and train their workers, while ensuring they are accountable for the mandatory programs they are supposed to undertake. In human resources, departments which are tasked with recruitment, hiring, and catering for career developments of emp loyees (Bones, 2006), require training programs to shroud issues among their employees such as performance, behavior or conduct issues. Human resources training and development enhances communication in the workplace and it improves the performance and overall morale of workers. This gives the company a great and continuous advantage to their competitors. A training program thus entails assessing the need that an organization has, designing the necessary material to address the need, evolution relevant training exercises and presentations and implementing the program with an evaluation of the results for success. Literature Review The emergence of change and advancement of technology and expectation have led to many challenges to organizations around the globe and major trends in the organizations in the United States have been adopted such as the hiring and employment trend (Bones, 2006). Due to small company budgets, managers are resorting to cheap patience by opting to employ non graduates over graduates. They are reducing the amount of human labor in their companies and implementing digital systems to offer services to their clients more efficiently. Several factors determine the decision by managers to resort to these trends in an organization such as the cost implications of a training program, the ineffectiveness of initial training programs and lack of commitment of employees among others. The role of line managers in coaching and development In many organizations, the training and development activities are increasingly declining collect to the high cost of training programs. This decrease could be reflected due to small training budgets or no faith in the value that training employees bring to the organization. If the way of an organization invests in a training program and the results of the program have little or no success on the intended business benefits then they would be hesitant to implement the program a second time. Organizations that are small and have a small number of employees are more liable(predicate) to lag behind on training the workers probably due to budget constraints. Managements in these organizations opt to downplay on human labor or they employ people with minimal skills to save on wages costs. They pay more attention on equipping the managers who the business depend on to lead it more effectively and focus less on coaching the other employees. Organizations with a high number of employees, more than ten thousand, and charitable organizations are also more likely to lag

The film of Step Mom by Gigi Levangie Essay Example for Free

The drive of footprint Mom by Gigi Levangie EssayA Comparison surrounded by my improvisation of coevals gap by us and the film of Step Mom by Gigi Levangie The two pieces of improvisation argon good for a comparison because our improvisation is about two single p bents one who lives with their mother moving in and how the children react to each other. Step mom is however slightly different as it is about parents who have sound got divorced and are introducing the fathers new missy in to the childrens lifes too. So our recreate is about the chemical reaction towards the children and the film is about the reaction between the step mom. It is also very good from comparison as the family with the Grandmother in Generation gap previous relationship ended by death and in Step mom it ends with a death by the mother of the children dying from cancer. They are similar, as they are both sets in bribe day and shows how people react when introducing new members in to their lives.The y may react kinky or adept miserable around them and whether it is possible for them to change their feelings as in step mom the girl Anna was snappy and miserable at different times besides by the end of the play she was able to require the step mom. In our improvisation the teenager had similar symptoms but in each others presence they just argued and the younger boy would just wind the older infant but was upset as the sister was able to be mean to.So in this play the relations seem to worsen between the characters and it even affected the way the parents felt towards each other to some aspects as there children are more important to them and are likely to take their childs side and end up arguing. This also happened in the movie, as the mother would get annoyed when the step mom arrived late or did things wrong as she hasnt as much experience as her in being a mother. They both showed signs that the children meant more to them as they stick up for their child always and end up in argument in our play In Step Mom The father talks to the children and says relationships can change.The way he acts around his girlfriend suggests that it would be hard to make a choice as he loves both his girlfriend and children but you see that he would probably put his children first but this isnt certain. But they could be equal you dont feel whether he means this or whether hes mocking the child in saying its impossible to stop engaging your child. This is similar in both plays showing children is most important in keeping familys together.

State of Confusion Paper Essay Example for Free

raise of bewilderment Paper searchDetermining the difference between personal jurisdiction and subject matter jurisdiction will divine service to delimitate which location a lawsuit should be filed in. Defining interstate commerce and which level of governing body has the right to beam restrictions on the commerce is important when controverting a lawsuit. Understanding how lawsuits work as hale as what lawyers will try to introduce within the court will entirelyow the suspect to be able to better predict the knocked out(p)come of the lawsuit.Personal JurisdictionPersonal jurisdiction also cognize as personam jurisdiction is the courts authority over the parties involved in the difference of opinion (Melvin, S. P., 2011, p59). Personal jurisdiction, defined in this manner, the parties involved mass be a business or an individual. It is the courts responsibility to determine fairness to all parties involved while complying with the laws of the federal constitutional requirements. The court determines personal jurisdiction over a political companionship who lives in an another(prenominal) state by a state long-arm statute.The court essential determine if the out of state defendant, transacts business in the other state, commits a negligent act which leads to a loss to the other party, or owns property within the state (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p61). The court will look at Truckers lawsuit to determine if the realm of Confusions statute micturates a loss to Truckers business. The injurious execution will be taken into consideration at the lower courts level. Does the statute of the allege of Confusion cause an injurious effect on the Tanya Trucker a resident of the State of Denial? Subject payoff JurisdictionSubject matter jurisdiction is the courts authority over the dispute between the two parties (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p59). State courts are who handle any matter involving state statues, state common law or a state constitutional issue (Melv in, S.P., 2011, p60). The federal court will only hear matters in which abstract from a federal statute or regulation, federal common law, or an issue with the U.S. Constitution. Federal courts whitethorn also hear matters when the parties involved are from two different states or if the monetary amount is greater than $75,000 (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p 60). The federal government will only provide a ruling based on state law if the diversity of citizenship is used. Both subject matter jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction must be satisfied ahead the federal court will be able to hear the case.In Tanya Truckers case against the State of Confusion the trial should be held in the federal courts within the State of Denial. The keister for this belief is because the matter between the State of Denial and Tanya Trucker is the nonresident (Trucker) is alleging loss to her business by the State of Confusion, therefore, the federal court within the State of Denial will hear the case precis ely base the decision on the State of Confusions state statute as well as comprise the Commerce Powers as defined by the US Constitution.Legal IssuesTanya Truckers attorneys will argue the State of Confusion has spelled statues which attempt to regulate interstate commerce. The statue states all B-type truck hitches are required on all trucks which pass through the State of Confusion or the State requires the truck without the hitch to go around the State of Confusion therefore limiting the interstate commerce.This statue directly effects the Commerce clause of the US Constitution.The State of Confusion will argue the statue does not provide discriminatory laws on out of state business, the statue is a legitimate effort to regulate health, golosh, and welfare (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p35). The State of Confusion will further argue the statue allows for the safety of the B-type hitches allows the fellow commuters on the highway protection because of the safety of the hitch which is in stalled. The hitch will prevent accidents to other motorists on the highway. The statue allows the state to protect the commerce on the highway by requiring the hitch be installed on all vehicles which pass through the state.The research presented allows me to conclude the court will side in party favour of Tanya Trucker. The State of Confusion is discriminating against all trucks and towing trailers by forcing them to use a specific hitch or not pass through their state. This statue is in clear violation of the Commerce Clause set frontward in the US Constitution.Stages of a Civil SuitIn order to know the arranges of a well-behaved judicial proceeding it is important to know the definition of what civil litigation is. Civil litigation is a dispute resolution process where the parties and their counsel argue their view of a civil (noncriminal) controversy in a court of law (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p78). The stages of a civil litigation can overlap at times do the stages to become b lurred however, the stages help to allow the parties involved to understand the process and make sure a clear and concise resolution or ruling has been made. The stages of a civil litigation are, prelawsuit, standing, bang and mental process, resolution, counterclaim, motions, discovery, pretrial conference conference conference, and trial. Following these stages and going through each(prenominal) stage completely allows for an unbiased verdict either by judge or jury.PrelawsuitPrelawsuit is an informal demand from one party to another. Prelawsuit allows for the parties or their attorneys to get together and discuss the issue. Prelawsuit is each partys way of letting each other know what their demands are before a formal lawsuit is filed. This first step can help to resolve a descend of issues before the costly issue of suit follows.StandingStanding is one party asserting a claim they have suffered an injury if fact, harm that is direct, concrete, and individualized, and arti culates what legal redress exists to compensate for the injury (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p79-80). The standing officially tells the other party exactly what their conduct is doing to the economic interest of the business.Complaint and SummonsThe complaint and summons stage is also known as the pleadings stage. If no resolution in the informal stage can be attained then the formal proceeding begin with a complaint and summons. A complaint is the facts of the case in a formal matter which describes the liability and the defenses of the party (Melvin, S.P., 2011 p80). A summons is a formal notification to the defendant that s/he has been named in the lawsuit and informs them that an purpose must be filed within a certain period of time (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p80).AnswerAn answer is a formal memorandum which addresses each complaint from the defendant. This document usually states what each party agrees to and what each party still disputes. If the answer does not come in a timely matter th e other party can be held in default which will allow for the other party to automatically lose the suit.CounterclaimA counterclaim is a way for the plaintiff to assert a countersuit establishing their credibility and attesting to damages by the defendant for not following the statue. The counterclaim being filed gives the defendant the ball in their court. They must now answer to the countersuit in a timely manner or be held in default.MotionsA motion is a document filed by one party that requests court action in a matter pertaining to the litigation (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p84). A common motion filed in courts is the motion to dismiss.Discovery StageThe discovery stage allows each party to gather evidence to present in the pretrial conference and to be used in the trial. There are many different methods in the discovery stage. Depositions are common in this stage of discovery. Depositions are oral questions asked in front of a witness (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p84).Pretrial ConferenceA pr etrial conferences primary purpose is to encourage each party to agree to a settlement. If a settlement is reached the trial will not proceed. If a settlement is not reached then the parties will start for the trial. The pretrial conference is usually each party and their respective attorneys appearing before the judge.TrialA trial as defined by the text The Legal Environment of Business generally takes place in front of a judge as the finder of law and a jury as the finder of fact (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p86). There are many stages to trial such as jury pickaxe and opening, testimony and submission of evidence, closing arguments and charging the jury, deliberations and verdict, posttrial motions and appeals, and collecting the judgment. Trials can lead to a settlement when either party realizes they are found at fault prior to the verdict. A settlement can happen at any stage of the trial proceedings.ReferencesMelvin, S. P. (2011). The legal environment of business A managerial appr oach speculation to practice. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Blood Case Study Essay Example for Free

Blood Case Study Essay1. A) The primary illness of this person is hemolytic Anemia. That is when the bone marrow squash is unable to produce more red riptide cellular telephones to make up for the ones be lost. thither argon more being destroyed faster and the bone marrow can non keep up.http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ha/ha_whatis.htmlB) The shell of the leukocytosis is that at that place is an increase in the production of color melody cells and in this case it is the level of lymphocytes that ar elevated. The bone marrow is making likewise many albumen pitch cells. There is an abnormality in the bone marrow concerning the production of white furrow cells and too many are released in the broth.http//www.medindia.net/education/familymedicine/Leukocytosis.htmC) The ca-ca of the thrombocytopenia is callable to a low platelet count. The bone marrow is making enough platelets to keep up with the ones being lost.http//www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/ thrombocytopenia.htmD) The cause of anemia is due to a decreased red family cell production by the bone marrow. The red squanderer cells are being destroyed faster than the bone marrow can replace them. The bone marrow is being over exerted.2. Cephalosporin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria. She go away exhibit her skin injure easily, fatigue, nose bleeds and general weakness http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/thcp/thcp_signs.html3. People with advanced kidney disease comm all become anemic because the kidneys produce EPO(Erythropoietin) which helps the bone marrow make red product line cells. When they are diagnosed with kidney disease the kidneys do not make enough EPO and therefore the bone marrow makes less red blood cells causing anemia. http//kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/expect/4. A decrease in plasma protein would cause swelling in legs, expiry of appetite, excessive urination, headache and jaundice of the skin. A disorder that could cause these effects would be coloured disease.5. The kidneys are used to regulate blood script and also the hematocrit. Restricted blood flow will cause an increase in the hematocrit. Low blood pressure causes an increase in hematocrit.6. Total bilirubin would be increased in a person that has liver damage.7. The fiber of white blood cell that would be in great numbers in an infected cut would be a neutrophil. They are produced in the bone marrow. They are fast acting and arrive at the site of an infection deep down a hour. They kill pathogens by phagocytosis.http//coloncancer.about.com/od/glossary/g/neutrophils.htm8. Leukocytes also known as white blood cells would be elevated in a person who is combating a virus. Leukocytes defend your body against infections. http//www.buzzle.com/articles/leukocytes-white-blood-cells.html9. Vitamin K aids in blood clotting. Prolonged use of antibiotics can kill the bacteria in the intestines and cause a deficiency in vitamin K. A vitamin K defici ency can lead to bleeding.http//www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/vitamin-k-000343.htm10. Having few megakaryocytes would learn that this person is likely to be having a low platelet count resulting in anemia.11. Fetal hemoglobin is able to bind to oxygen with greater liking than adult. The fetus has better access to oxygen from makes blood. Fetal hemoglobin last about 6 months after the child is born and is interpreted over by adult hemoglobin. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_hemoglobin12. Febrile non-hemolytic reaction is most common. It is usually caused by cytokines. It is associated with fever and there is no real lasting side effects. Acute hemolytic reaction is a real serious emergency. It occurs when the person is destroying the donors red blood cells. It is usually caused by giving wrong blood during a transfusion. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfusion_reaction13. When a Rh negative person is initial exposed to Rh positive blood a first time the body builds antibodies li ke it is some quashg foreign. The second time the person is exposed to Rh positive blood the body is going to flack catcher it. It has built up antibodies against the Rh factor.http//mmcenters.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?id=209314. My diagnosis is that she has Cushings Disease. There is a tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor is caused by the adrenal glands, which are making too such(prenominal) of the hormone cortisol.http//familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/hormone/623.html15. 1) The primary disorder of this person is Iron Deficiency Anemia. There is too little iron in the body.2) The ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate is necessary because it is a type of iron. It will help the body get back to its normal limit of iron.3) Some dietary suggestions would be to eat fish, meat mainly liver, fortified cereals and bread because they are all good sources of iron.http//l3.leukemia-lymphoma.org/attachments/National/br_985716044.pdf16. 1) The disorder of this person is p olycythemia Vera. If the EPO levels were increased it would indicate something else and if the arterial oxygen level was high it would indicate something else as well.2) venesection will help correct this problem because by removing so much blood over a course of time it will reduce the number of red blood cells and reduce the blood volume so blood can function normal.3) Myelosuppressive therapy may be needed because phlebotomy may not be enough to correct the problem. The bone marrows ability to make red blood cells is being suppressed.4) The BUN and Creatinine rule out renal or kidney failure.5) Albumin, ALT, AST, and Bilirubin indicate possible liver problems. http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/polycythemia-vera/DS00919April TrotterBIO 169Blood Vessel Histology1) An artery is an whippy and muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. There is one exception, the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs so they can get oxygen ad remove carbon dioxide . Blood is delivered to the arterioles and capillaries trough the systemic arteries. There are three types of arteries. The moldable artery which allows the arteries to stretch. The muscular artery is the most common. There are little or no elastic fibers. They are very strong but not flexible. The arterioles are the smallest of the arteries. They are very important in blood pressure control. The aorta is an elastic artery and is the largest artery in the body. It delivers blood to all parts of the body. The aorta is dual-lane into five sections the descending, ascending, aortic arch, thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta.http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/36874/artery2) The capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. They have only a tunica intima. They are very fragile and easily destroyed. They have no silent vigour. The invariable capillaries are the strongest and do not leak. They are found mostly in muscle. Fenestrated capillaries are found in the kidney, pancreas a nd intestine and are leaky. Sinusoidal capillaries are very leaky and have many pore openings. They are located mainly in the spleen, liver and bone marrow. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaries3) The vein carry blood toward the heart. Veins act as a blood reservoir. There is a low pressure in the veins and they have a thin wall. There is a muscular pump which the veins are placed between skeletal muscle. When the vein is squeezed blood is returned to the heart. The respiratory pump involves the diaphragm. Vein consist of three parts. The tunica externa which is made up of connective interweave and nerves. The tunica media is composed of smooth muscle and the tunica intima is composed of simple squamous. Veins also have valves to hold on blood from flowing the wrong way. http//www.blobs.org/science/article.php?article=5444) The arterioles are the smallest of the blood vessels. They incommode from an artery and lead to a capillary. They have only little muscle mass and contain s mooth muscle. They carry blood away from the heart as well. They are very important in blood pressure regulation. They change size to keep up with the flow of blood. http//highbloodpressure.about.com/od/highbloodpressure101/p/circ_art3.htm5) Atherosclerosis is when brass build up inside an artery and causes a blockage. It is caused by damage to the endothelium. Cholesterol starts to stick, smooth muscle grows abnormally, calcium starts to stick and gets stuck in plaque causing it to get hard. The plaque can rupture and cause blood clots. If the plaque breaks it can move in the blood and cause a heart attack or a stroke depending on where the blockage is. It is a slow progressive disease. http//www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4440

ELL Schools and Families Essay Example for Free

ELL Schools and Families EssayThe population of position oral conference Learners (ELL) are increasing in educational institutions primarily influenced by globalization and immigration. It has been projected that within the orgasm years, the percentage of children attending educational institutions in the country shall be non- English speakers. The term ELL is brought about by the touch in the English lyric poem- acquisition paradigm that represents the trend in language acquisition.(Bank Street) The increasing population of ELLs are putting pressures on the educational atmosphere as educational institutions are forced to alter their curriculum to accommodate the consumes and concerns of the learners. (Abedi, 2002) Integrating a program for ELLs in the crop setting is a great challenge for the educational institution, the teacher, the learner, and ones family. Teaching non-English speakers who are not able to both(prenominal) record and speak the language is more di fficult than teaching English speakers the rules of the language are, for instance.Challenges include the need for educational institutions to instrument a curriculum that fits the requirements of the ELLs. Teachers, on the other hand need to be alert of the appropriate techniques and strategies that would be efficient in the success of language accommodation and acculturation. For learners, engaging in an unacquainted(predicate) environment is not motivating them to eagerly learn. (Mercuri, 2003) To address the problems and concerns that ELLs face in the learning environment, ordination looks to the involvement of the family in parade to strengthen the school as an institution that fully supports English language learners.(Collier Thomas, 1999) Family involvement play a significant role during the learning process of ELLs. According to a explore conducted in order to determine guidelines that the No Child Left Behind Act shall implement, the involvement of family members to school activities such as programs that aims to promote development of academic standing and preparation for the next level of English language learning increases the chance of successes that a learner shall be able to accomplish.This is because families understand the needs and the difficulties of their children, and are also able to see their progress with regards to academics, pushing them to encourage, support, and value learning as an integral better of their childrens success. (Epstein, 2004) Moreover, it is the responsibility of the school to build a relationship with the family of the learner in order to set forth them of the developmental stages and the changes that the children are going to experience, as they grow older.This particular knowledge gives families the idea of how to build a supportive family unit environment that boosts learning. This particular interaction amid the school and the family allows the educational institution to understand the heathenish bac kground of families and determine their goals and objectives for their children when it comes to English language learning. (Epstein, 2004) Providing a supportive sociocultural environment is at the heart of tapping into the potential of ELLs to benefit largely from the English language learning program.Interaction between the educational institution and the families contributes to this objective. Looking at their parents interact with the members of the educational institution motivates learners to build relationships with the institution as well, without any apprehensions as brought about by fear of cultural rejection. (Collier Thomas, 1999) An article written by Rhona Barton for the northwesterly Regional Educational Laboratory discovers cases wherein active involvement of parents leads to academic success of the learners, especially in socially interacting within the school environment.(Barton, 2006) Educational institutions with English language learning programs do not neces sarily implement the use of the English language at home, as decisions regarding the matter are based on cultural considerations. Schools should consider the importance of native language to ELLs and their families. However, the continued use of English at home and the support of the family when it comes to home language speeds up the learning process, schools still acknowledge that the ELLs are conscious of language learning based on their knowledge of their native language.(Ortiz, 2001) Schools should also provide alternatives for families in order for them to adjust or cope with the changes that ELL affects within their family life. Schools should inform them of educational options such as tutorial function that are made available at home or in schools, support groups within the confederation that assists families in their needs and concerns regarding the issue of English language learning.Family counseling is also an option as it allows health check professionals to help in determining problems or obstacles that the family shall be facing, and strengthening family relationships in order to withstand the challenges of immersing into a community and cultural environment that they are not familiar with. For specific problems such as pecuniary aspect of English language learning, the federal government entitles families to funding as authorized by the federal Title I funding program. (Ortiz, 2001)Partnership of educational institutions with families are beaver established through communication and social interaction. Schools should be able to develop and maintain a stable relationship with the families that is primarily grounded on the objective of affecting learning and making ELLs experience success within the unfamiliar learning environment. Moreover, through this, schools are enriched and enlightened with the knowledge of different cultural backgrounds within the school environment and be able to modify the learning atmosphere to fit the culture, be liefs, and traditions of non-English speakers.Teachers should be able to communicate the needs and concerns of ELLs to their families, in order for them to understand how they are going accommodate the needs of their children who are involved in English language learning. Schools should establish regular meetings with the teachers, and ask them to get involved with programs and school activities that harness English language learning and support the need of their children to learn the English language.If possible, home visitations are one of the best ways to establish a strong foundation of relationship between the school and the families. (Barton, 2006)ReferencesAbedia, J. (2002). Assessment and alteration of English linguistic communication Issues, Concerns, and Recommendations. Retrieved whitethorn 1, 2008, from NCA Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement. Website http//www. ncacasi. org/jsi/2002v3i1/assessment Bank Street. (2008). English Language Learners Working with Children Whom English is a New Language. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from Bank Street.Website http//www. bnkst. edu/literacyguide/ell. html Barton, R. (2006). Forging Family Ties. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from nor-west Regional Educational Laboratory. Website http//www. nwrel. org/nwedu/11-03/forge/ Collier, V. P. Thomas, W. P. (1999). Making U. S. Schools Effective for English Language Learners, Part 3. TESOL Matters, Vol. 9, No. 6. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from TESOL. Website http//www. tesol. org/s_tesol/sec_document. asp? CID=196DID=826 Epstein, J. (2004). Meeting NCLB Requirements for Family Involvement. Middle Ground,Vol. 4, No. 3. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from National Middle School Association. Website http//www. nmsa. org/portals/0/pdf/publications/On_Target/family_involvement/family_9. pdf Mercuri, S. (2003). fate Middle and High School Age English Language Learners Achieve Academic Success. NABE Journal of enquiry and Practice. Retrieved May 1, 2008. Website http//www. u c. edu/njrp/pdfs/freeman. pdf Ortiz, A. (2001). English Language Learners With Special Needs Effective Instructional Strategies. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from CAL. Website

Tale of Two Cities Character Analysis Essay Example for Free

narration of Two Cities suit Analysis EssayThe sacrifice of peerlesss own manner for the person they heat is by far the ultimate sacrifice any human being can make. In A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, Sydney Carton, a despondent and inebriate man, did exactly that. Through his sacrifice, he became the most memorable and can-do character in this book. Sydney Carton was an unmotivated alcoholic who transformed his wasted and useless tone by performing a selfless act of heroism. I am a disappointed drudge. I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me, (Page 71).That was Sydney Cartons abridged explanation for his disposition when he meets Charles Darnay. In the beginning, Carton is a lazy, alcoholic attorney who cares some nothing in life. He is self-undermining in that he has no confidence or volition and believes his life is an extreme waste. He is crude, frequently drunk, and melancholy. He feels he is stuck in the disappointed course of his once smart life, and has nothing worth giving anymore. Around the middle of the book, Sydney Carton makes a remarkable transformation into a man of profound merit.He professes his love to Lucie saying, For you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything. I would grok any sacrifice for you and for those dear to you, (page 128). This scene marks a vital transition for Carton and lays the mental home and foreshadows the supreme sacrifice that he makes at the end of the novel. Lucie was the moreover one who thought there was a good person in Carton, and inadvertently succeeded in transforming him from depressed and dejected into a caring and selfless man.Sydney Cartons promise to Lucie took him to the guillotine at the end of A Tale of Two Cities. He died for Darnay, which he believes is the greatest thing he could do to make his life significant. His death lets the woman he loves be happy. He quotes a verse from the bible saying, I am the resurrection and then life, saith the Lord h e that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall never die and whosoever liveth and believeth in me, shall never die. This verse becomes almost his theme of the put down of Cartons changed outlook of life.Sydney Cartons resurrection from his concealed life by his love for Lucie is gained by giving up his life for her happiness. He goes to death with the satisfaction of knowing that his life now has meaning, which is what Carton was searching for passim the novel. During his life he was unable to act in his own self-interest, but, paradoxically, hes completely will to sacrifice his own life so that another man may live to please the one he loves.Sydney Carton sacrificed his life for Lucie, the only person who made him feel his life had meaning sightly like he had promised to her. He began as a drunken man with no purpose, but only in the sacrifice of his life did Carton establish his greatest worth. Essentially what makes him the most memorable and dynamic character of A Tale of Two Cities is this predominant resurrection. In that all that was good in him and his love for Lucie lives on in Darnay, and he is now defined not for what he was, but by his unity greatest act.

Oslo’s Important Person Essay Example for Free

capital of Norways Important Person Essay near of the world greatest and famous people who have had a role to play in the regulate of history have had certain things associated with them. In Oslo there ar three important articles that are displayed that has been an important part in the History of Oslo. Of these is Fram, the ship that brought the famous Norse Fridtjof Nansen to the seas of the Atlantic. Nansen is considered a famous Norwegian who was a brilliant statesman, a courageous humanitarian and an adventurous explorer who sought the betterment of mankind. Nansen was natural in Store-Froen, near Oslo, on October 10, 1861.He attended a pre-college school in Oslo, and in 1880, he was admitted to the University of Oslo. Nansen loved the exteriors and he chose to study zoology with the expectation that it will enable him to enjoy the outdoor life. In 1882, Nansen decided to join a voyage to Greenland waters. While in the Greenland waters, Nansen was attracted to the migh ty ice crownwork of the island and an idea struck him that he can cross it starting not from the well-traveled west coast, but from the eastmost coast. Nansen then led an expedition to try his idea.In August 15, 1888 he and his six and crews left Oslo and by September 5 they were able to reach Ameralik Fjord after facing intense struggles with storms and cold. At the settlement of Godthab of the arctic, Nansen was able to study the way of life of the Eskimo. Nansen returned home in May 1889. In 1890 Nansen convert the Norwegian Geographical Society of the fact that the ice of the polar sea drifted from Siberia to state of state of ward Spitsbergen. Spitsbergen is the largest island in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard which is unless 600 miles from the North Pole.To prove his theory, he proposed to build a ship of such a shape that it would be lifted but not crushed when caught by the ice. He proposed to let this ship freeze in off eastern Siberia in order to be carried fro m there across the Arctic Ocean to Spitsbergen by the currents. This kind of plan was considered hazardous but the Norwegian Parliament granted two-thirds of the estimated expenses of the expedition and the other monetary needs was given by King Oscar II and other private individuals. The ship was called Fram and it sailed from Oslo on June 24, 1893.After enduring bitter winter cold in the arctic regions, Nansen and his crew left Fram halt in ice On March 14, 1895. Nansen and his companions then continued on northward by equitation sleds and stayed on the northern island of Frederick Jackson, named after a British Arctic explorer, from August 26, 1895 to May 19, 1896. Luckily on their way to Spitsbergen they encountered Frederick Jackson and his party of the Jackson-Harmsworth expedition and they sailed back to Norway aboard Jacksons ship downwind on June 17 1896 and waited for the Fram in Spitsbergen.True to his theory, the Fram drifted to Spitsbergen. Nansen and his crew then s ailed to Oslo aboard the Fram and was met with warm delicious on September 9, 1896(Nansen 1). Upon his return, Nansen became a professor of zoology and in 1887 he submitted a paper authorise The Structure and Combination of Histological Elements of the Central Nervous System that earned him a degree of desex of Philosophy in University of Oslo. Nansen was also interested in physical geography and he helped established the planetary Council for the Exploration of the Sea.As a true scientist, Nansen reported scientific studies with regards to his expeditions. During 1900 to 1914 Nansen was able to make sea explorations of the Norwegian Sea, Azores Sea and Barents and Kara Sea of the arctic. Due to these sea explorations he was able to improve the instruments used for oceanography and he discovered how deep and bottom water are formed (Nansen 2). Later in his life, Nansen became interested in politics and in1905 he participated in a lively discussion regarding the separation of Nor way from Sweden.He believed that Norway should not be restrained in exercising its political and economic freedom. When Norway was granted independence he was appointed look of London and in 1917 during World War I he was appointed as head of Norwegian Commission to the United States wherein he successfully convinced US to allow Norway to import supplies for the war. And when the League of Nations was created in 1920 Nansen was chosen to head the Norwegian delegation. League of Nations then appointed Nansen to bring home an approximately 500,000 the prisoners of war from Russia.Although USSR did not recognize the League of Nations, Nansen was able to negotiate e with them personally and in September 1922, 427, 886 prisoners of war from German and Autro-Hungarian armies were safely brought back to their respective countries. In August 1921 Nansen was asked by the International Committee of the cerise Cross to head a campaign in bringing aid to the famine-stricken Russia. On August 27, Nansen successfully opened a relief headquarter in Moscow which he called International Russian Relief administrator.The League of Nations turned down his request for financial assistance but Nansen, undaunted, was able to raise the infallible funds from private organizations. Due to his humanitarian achievements, an international agreement was signed in Geneva introducing the assignment card for displaced persons known as the Nansen passport on July 5,1922. Later in 1931, after his death, the Nansen International mooring for Refugees was created in Geneva which had become a safe haven for Jews when World War II broke out. In 1922 Nansen was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.The Nansen International Office for Refugees, on the other hand, won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1938 (Nansen 3). Nansen dedicated his life in the furtherance of humanity.Works citedComptons Encyclopedia, vol. 17. USA Comptons Learning Company, 1995. Halsey, William. Colliers Encyclopedia, vol. 18. ra w(a) York Macmillan Educational Company, 1990. Lundestad, Geir. 15 March 2001. The Nobel Peace Prize, 1901-2000. Nobel Prize. 13 August 2007. http//nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/peace/articles/lundestad- Review/index. hypertext mark-up language Nansen, Fridtjof. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2007. Encyclop?dia Britannica Online. 15 August 2007 http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9054786 Off the Beaten Path June 10, 2004. Virtual Tourist. 12 August 2007. http//www. virtualtourist. com/travel/Europe/Norway/Oslo_Region/Oslo-214570/ Off_the_Beaten_Path-Oslo-BR-1. html Oslo City Insider. 1999-2006. Marriot. 12 August 2007. http//www. marriot. com/city-guide/city-verview. mi? cityID=97guideType=history Oslo, Norway. 2006. Bradmans Europe. 12 August 2007. http//bradmans. com/europe/capital of Norway/background Oslo. The New Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. 24. 5th ed. USA Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. , 1991.

Management and Work Culture Essay Example for Free

Management and wager Culture EssayInstrumental to conduct SWOT analysis, and 3. Plan and build strategy based on the work nuance How to develop strategic and operational plans by knowing work culture It is inherent part of any individual, and organization. It describes shared value of an organization. It succors anyone to understand how things are done. Here is my cultural preferences well resourced, ethical, and teamwork centered. erudite my ideal work culture, I can do better planning and formulate the strategies for an organization. My cultural preferences obligatory resources to do high standard work. Using advantages of available resources, one can do better vocation of delivering projects with high quality standards. Active promotion of equal rights and justice for all. It will create a culture to grow with the company attitude. Fairness among the employees and employer makes everyone trust each other and the employer. Emphasis on social and environmental responsibil ity. In this culture, work and life balance here.Social and environmental responsibility culture will help employees more committed to the employer. Because organization is not just focusing on profit itself but to a fault understand human values and help communities around them. Interdependence. Culture of interdependence makes everyone connected, and emphasis the important of quislingism between them. It results toward high level of performance, innovation, and productivity. Friendly and supportive colleagues. Friendliness and supports among colleagues is highly important for employees to challenge themselves, bide each other, and share the knowledge between them.Essential Competencies to Conducting (SWOT) analysis Strategizing competency is one of the most substantial to do SWOT analysis. Steps to conduct SWOT analysis 1. Identify mission statement and goals, 2. follow of internal strength and weaknesses, and 3. To find external opportunities and threats that affect the busin ess or an organization. How my competencies relate to the essential competencies for conducting a SWOT analysis Based on competencies and career interests profiler, my strength are 1.

Competency of student nurses in the operating room Essay Example for Free

Competency of student nurses in the operating room EssayLEGEND4-Competent (Student performs systematically in an effective and efficient manner) 3-Progress Acceptable (performance is usually effective and efficient but not always) 2-Needs returns (progress in performance is too slow to judge satisfactorily task performance is not through with(p) properly for majority of the time0 1-Progress Unacceptable (no progress in performance has been demonstrated and/ or performance is consistently ineffective and inefficient)CORE COMPETENCYSCOREREMARKSA. safe and quality nursing care1. utilizes the nursing run in the care of OR clienta. Obtains comprehensive clients information by checking get laid accomplishment of the preoperative checklist/ clients chartb. Identifies priority unavoidably of the client at the Operating Roomc. Provides need nursing interventions based on identified needsd. Monitors clients responses to surgery2. Promotes safety and hassock of patients inside the ORa. Transports client safely from the unit to ORb. Transfer client safely from the stretcher to OR bed, OR bed to stretcher, stretcher to RR bed (e.g. use of side rails)c. Places properly grounding fatten up under the patient for electro-operative equipmentd. Monitor vital signse. Provides physical comfort utilizing comfort devices/ techniquesf. Provides needed blankets and sheets to prevent hyp former(a)(a)mia and cater privacyg. Assist in proper and safe positioning of clients in preparation for surgeryh. Observes the principles of exacting operative aseptic techniques within the work area at all timesi. Observes universal precautions in handling body fluids3. Performs the functions of the scrub nursea. Drapes the operative field decentb. Performs working(a) scrub correctlyc. Dons surgical g induces and gloves correctlyd. Serves gowns, gloves and drapes asepticallye. Prepared surgical instruments, sponges, sutures and other supplies in functional agreementf. Hands instruments, sponges, sutures and other materials according to surgeons preferenceg. Performs surgical count straightlyh. Performs after care of the surgical instruments4. Performs the functions of the circulating nursea. Prepared the surgical table and all needed equipment and supplies for surgeryb. Assist the anesthetist in the induction of anesthesiac. Performs the surgical pelt preparation of the clientd. Checks with the scrub nurse the completeness of surgical sponges, needles and instrumentse. Anticipates the needs of the surgical teamf. Ensures intactness and functionality of all contraptions ( e.g. IVF BT IFC NGT)g. Helps in the after care of all equipment and the OR as a wholeh. Hand additional instruments and supplies aseptically as neededi. Check sheet integrity and sterileness of OR packsi.1. Sets up the OR Room needed equipmenti.2. Receives client for surgery/ endorses client post-operatively i.3. Assists in skin preparation and draping of client5. Administer medications and oth er health therapeutics safely6. Executes legal orders of the surgeon/ anesthesiologist accurately and timely7. Evaluates patients response to interventions8. Monitors patients progress during surgery and immediate post-op phaseB. Management of resources and surround1. Ensures availability, completeness and functionality of OR equipments2. Observes protocols in unrestricted, semi-restricted and restricted areas in the OR3. Performs proper disinfection and sterilization protocols4. Observes proper disposal of unassured and non hazardous wastes. Observes proper handling and up keeping of OR resources5. Observes OR policies, procedures and protocols on infection keep back6. Conducts inventory of OR resources7. Awareness of the institutional evacuation and location plan both for fire, earthquake and other major emergencies.C. Health Education1. Implements appropriate health education activities to client based on needs assessment of the intra-operative client2. Reinforces pre-operative health teachings to clientD. Legal Responsibility1. Adheres to legal and institutional protocols regarding informed assent and other legal documentsE. Ethico- Moral Responsibility1. Respects the rights of the OR client2. Accepts responsibility and accountability for own decision and actions as an OR nurse3. Maintains privacy and confidentiality of clients information4. Adheres to the Code of ethical motive for NursesF. Personal and Professional Development1. Performs OR functions and according to professional standards2. Possesses unconditional attitude towards learning surgical and OR-related knowledge and skillsG. Quality Improvement1. Reports significant actual or potential observations regarding the surgical client2. Reports positive or negative variances at the OR3. Identifies and reports variances in sterility and other OR activitiesH. Research1. Disseminates results of OR-related explore findings to clinical group and other members of the OR team as appropriateI. Records Management1. Maintain legible, accurate and updated documentation of patient care in the chart/ and OR dorms2. Submits timely, complete an accurate surgical slips and Or write-ups for cases handledJ. Communication1. Utilizes therapeutic communication skills with patients, significant others and members of the health team2. Establishes professional relationships with members of the surgical/ health team3. Utilizes proper channel of communication4. Observes complete and accurate endorsement procedures5. Uses appropriate information mechanism to assist communication inside the OR and with other departments in the hospitalK. Collaboration and Teamwork1. Collaborates plan of care with other members of the health team

The Effect of a Global Oil Shortage on the US Economy Essay Example for Free

The set of a Global vegetable anoint colour colour colour colour Shortage on the US Economy EssayOil is a very important 21st century product. It is a vital source of vital force, an irreplaceable transport fuel, and an inwrought raw material in many manufacturing processes. Crude crude oil is a source of great sparing power. Since its production live in many places is far below its selling legal injury in mankind markets, the ownership and control of embrocate reserves pull in been a means by which great wealth has been earned and lost (Deffeyes, 2001).Oil has become the macrocosms most important internationally traded occurrence in both volume and value terms and changes in this trade pose had ample pecuniary, semi semipolitical and socio-cultural repercussions on the parties involved. Wars, revolutions and mass migrations ar perhaps nevertheless the most visible manifestation of petroleum paucitys. The subprogram of this study is to explore what im plications a worldwide oil shortage would subscribe for the US economy.Toward this end we depart scrutinize the economic valuables being influenced by oil supply, analyze the ability of the US to meet internalated demand as well as extent of oildependence of the country, and cook up the conclusion. There are three study players in the global oil marketplace the consuming countries, the producer countries and the international oil application which mediates between them (Cleaver, 2002). The three biggest consumers in 2000 were the United States (18. 7 million barrels per day), the European mating (13. 3 million barrels per day) and Japan (5. 5 million barrels per day).As a sort out the OECD countries exert most pressure on ball markets, since they exhaust the highest incomes yet produce insufficient oil to satisfy their own needs. OECD countries consume 62. 4 per cent of the worlds oil, yet produce only 28. 1 per cent (Cleaver, 2002, p. 169). Could the US Produce Oil Sup ply Sufficient to Satisfy Own necessitate? The US has always been a signifi tidy sumt producer but its mature oilfields have been in slow, cool it decline since the mid-1980s. But perhaps of greater importance is that the country holds some 2. 8 per cent of the worlds reserves volume and, in addition, its oil is not cheap to produce.For instance, in 1985 Saudi oil was estimated to cost less than US$1 a barrel to extract, compared with $7-$8 for Alaska and the North Sea (Cleaver, 2002, p. 181). Thus, the US cannot drill its way to petroleum self-sufficiency in the vast run, or to lower gas prices in the short run. Even if Congress opened the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling tomorrow, the oil would not begin to flow very soon. The US Geological Service estimates 3. 2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil lie beneath the refuge enough to meet the nations current demand provided for six months.At peak production, the refuge would meet about 2 percent of the nat ions projected petroleum demand (Stanke, 2002, p. 912). Tapping the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, or add togethering a new arctic field on line, would not change the US total energy outlook continuing growth in demand, declining domestic production and increasing dependence on imported oil (Chapman Khanna, 2000). What Implications the Global Oil Shortage Would save on the US Economy The implications of oil shortages dot throughout the industrialized world, causing classic microeconomic currentlocation of resources.Oil supply and prices affect decisions to invest billions of dollars in different industrial projects whether to build major highways or rail networks trains or electric cars offshore drilling platforms or nuclear power stations. Oil shortages also affect macroeconomic variables such as the levels of national incomes, aggregate spending and the balance of payments. The enormous sums involved affect countries rates of economic growth, levels of international debt and the overall functioning of the worlds financial system (Hunt, Isard Laxton, 2002).As Deffeyes (2001) ascertains, the coming oil shortage cannot be avoided. He suggests that U. S. political leaders, the news media, and the universal are either unaware of or uninterested in the problem, although detailed reports forecasting the peak in world oil production have appeared in many scientific journals. The US oil exertion itself maintains its focus on such issues as improving engine room, drilling deeper for oil, finding new reserves, and accelerating production. None of these measures can have a significant impact on the coming oil shortage, argues Deffeyes (2001).He forecasts that a changeless drop in oil production lead begin within current decade. Deffeyes (2001) argues that the list of fundamental activities is short agriculture, ranching, forestry, fisheries, mining, and petroleum (p. 159), thus, a permanent drop in oil production will bring in one of the blocks out from und erneath the pyramid. If Deffeyes is right, the implications are enormous. He anticipates that sharply higher oil prices will bring difficult economic, social, and political passages for those societies most dependent on oil, especially on imported oil (Deffeyes, 2001), as the US is.Exporters will charge top dollar a gigantic windfall for the Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and former(a) big oil producers. He implies that the tumult will be greater than that occasioned by the oil price hikes of 1973 and 1979 (Kohl, 2005). Three things could upset Deffeyes prediction the discovery of huge new oil deposits, development of drilling technology that could squeeze more oil from known reserves, and a steep rise in oil prices, which would make it profitable to recover even the most stubbornly buried oil (Cleaver, 2002).Previous oil bumps have all followed periods of strong economic demand, accelerating inflation from higher levels than prevail currently, a weak dollar at least in terms of the major f oreign currencies, actual or threatened cuts or disruptions in oil production, and hostilities in the Middle East. Yet each episode also exhibited some unique features that exasperate the oil price increases (Little, 2001). For instance, an examination of the US postwar quarterly GNP data shows a slowdown in GNP growth after the oil crisis in 1973.Scholars consider the slowdown in growth after the 1973 oil crisis as an event external to the domestic economy (Zivot Andrews, 2002, p. 25). But, it seems reasonable to regard the shaping of the OPEC as an exogenous event, there were other big events such as the 1964 tax cut, the Vietnam War, and the financial deregulation in the 1980s that could also be viewed as possible exogenous structural breakpoints (Zivot Andrews, 2002). Nevertheless, the financial world has reorganized since 1980.Effects of oil shortages and subsequent price rises, during the late 1970s, took months to years to spread from industry to industry from price inc reases to wage demands. In the new economy, the shock of an oil price rise will spread in milliseconds (Deffeyes, 2001). Moreover, recent rising gas prices are a signal that the consequences of relying on imported oil will become harder to bear (Tonn, 2004). Petroleum is priced in dollars, and the value of the dollar has declined steeply against major currencies If oil were priced in euros or yen, the price per barrel would appear more stable.The American appetite for imported oil may end the dollars privileged status as the leading currency of trade (Kohl, 2005). The great oil dependence of the US economy could be shortened by means of more extensive recitation of nuclear energy, but unfortunately the US failed to take full advantage of this kind energy for political reasons. While nuclear-power plants are large capital investitures, once those costs are sunk the marginal cost of nuclear fuel is very low-currently corresponding to about $4 per barrel of oil (Miniter, 1991, p. 37) .Volatility of oil prices during the oil shortage will be aggravated by the unusually large imbalances between the US supply and demand associated partly with the recent unexpectedly rapid global growth. Over the medium term, moreover, the long lag times between decisions to drill new wells or build new refineries and increase supplies of petroleum products can amplify these instabilities (Cleaver, 2002).For instance, recent estimates by the OECD suggest that even a $10 increase in the price of oil maintained for a year is likely to add 0. to 1 part point to overall consumer price inflation and to cut 0. 2 to 0. 5 percentage point from siding growth in the major industrial countries within two years after the oil shock (Little, 2001, p. 6). Economists have proposed a variety of mechanisms linking oil price increases with economic downturns. These include terms-of-trade shocks, negative productivity shocks, shifts in relative prices that may induce a costly reallocation of resource s across sectors, and the monetary policy response to the increase price pressures.In the case of a terms-of-trade shock, an oil price increase acts like an take up tax with a major part of the income gains going to foreign oil producers (Cleaver, 2002). The global oil shortage also would have an impact on the wages in all the US industries. Economists propose an efficiency-wage beat in which an increase in the real price of oil resulting from oil shortage, as an important stimulant price, leads to a decline in real wages as firms seek to avoid losses. They find that real oil prices and real interest rates explain the overall path of U. S. nemployment from 1979 to 1995 reasonably well (Hunt, Isard Laxton, 2002).Rotemberg and Woodford in 1996 presented related evidence that introducing a modest degree of imperfect competition in product markets substantially magnifies the impact of oil price changes on real wages and output beyond what might have been expected given oils relat ively small role in the US economy (as cited in Little, 2001, p. 9). This would have an enormous negative impact especially on the small and mediumsized enterprises which contribute for the most part to the US GNP and are major contributors of new jobs using more labour-intensive production.They will have to shut manufacturing units and discharge workers because of the surging costs of electricity. But some factors testify that the picture is not despairing. Thus, increased energy efficiency, robust economic conditions, enhanced central bank credibility, and stable inflation expectations in the US suggest that the impact of possible global oil shortage in the nearest future will be more muted and manageable than in previous oil shocks (Tonn, 2004).Conclusion The discussed above demonstrates that the implications of the global oil shortage for the US would be very negative in many sectors of its economy receivable to substantial dependence of the country on the oil import, impossib ility to satisfy domestic demand by own oil resources, recent weakening of the US dollar and poor progress in developing alternative sources of energy.The United States can restrain oil demand as a matter of domain policy, or wait for rising prices to force consumers to cut back. Now the country has chosen the latter operate by default. The efforts of the US public to swing energy policy in the direction of renewable kinds of energy are blocked by the Bush Administration and its fossils fuel industry supporters. Thus, the USA remains susceptible to oil supply and price shocks.One implication is that current US policy, in promoting still heavier investment in fossil fuels, is misguided. If we dont shift away from oil, we may as well gift-wrap the entire calculate surplus and send it to the oil producing countries Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and other. As Deffeyes (2001) reasonably ascertains, rather than have the crisis bring up up on us, we can see it coming and initiate some of the long lead-time projects in advance. Forewarned is forearmed (p. 187).

The Evaluation Paper Essay Example for Free

The Evaluation Paper EssayThe aim of the evaluation seek is to give your opinion on the article, book or other material you have read and pink it if you alone disagree with the mentioned above or only to some extent.The main functions of your judge areTo go bad the material you were given as a bloodlineTo criticize the argument it presentsTo state your opinion or to contribute to the existing one and give necessary arguments and show that they are trustworthy. Evaluation essay is an assignment that requires research, analysis and a lot of patience. If you are going to present an opinion that will be completely different from that stated in the material, you will need an adequate convincing proof. In the intro you rationalize the evaluation matter given in the source. Thus the intended reader will get the topic what you are going to evaluate.Formulating your thesis statement, present various approaches to the problem.The main body should provide analysis of the source an d additional information to prepare the background for your judgement. groom sure that your statements are complete and convincing. E really even of disagreement should be supported by a coherent chain of evidence. It may be a good idea to establish a plan on how are you going to develop your ideas concerning the problem. Make a chain of facts you are going to include in your essay and develop each of them in a separate paragraph.Conclusion should summarize and develop a good solution for the problem on a lower floor discussion. It is the most significant part of your essay and be ready that it will be treated very sceptically. Make sure you have written powerful and strong conclusion to leave any can of doubts.Make sure to proofread your essay for a couple of times. Along with searching for spelling, grammar and other types of mistakes, prize over the plotitselfIsnt it contradictory?Is the topic fully covered?Do the facts I give tone trustworthy?Do I sound convincing?Is my la nguage bright enough?Does the essay I wrote correspond to the format I was given? If I were an intended writer, would I be convinced with this essay? After doing all the mentioned above, you can be sure that your essay is successfully written.

The National Power In International Relations Politics Essay

The National Power In International Relations Politics EssayPower in transnational relations is defined in several different ship canal. Political scientists, historians, and practitioners of international relations (diplomats) have used the following excogitations of political agencyPower as a goal of presents or leaders.Power as a measure of mildew or project over outcomes, events, actors and issues.Power as reflecting victory in conflict and the attainment of credentialPower as control over resources and capabilities.Modern discourse generally speaks in harm of state function, indicating both frugal and host might. Those states that have signifi fundamentt amounts of mogul deep down the international system atomic number 18 referred to as middle roles, regional powers, great powers, superpowers, or hyperpowers.Entities other than states can also acquire and deal power in international relations. Such entities can intromit multilateral international organizations, military hamper organizations (e.g. NATO), multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations, or other institutions such as the Roman Catholic Church, Wal-Mart1, or the Hanseatic League.Power as a goalPrimary usage of power as a goal in international relations belongs to political theorists, such as Niccol Machiavelli and Hans Morgenthau. Especially among Classical Realist thinkers, power is an inherent goal of populace and of states. Economic growth, military growth, cultural spread etc can all be considered as working towards the ultimate goal of international Power as warp.Political scientists principally use power in statuss of an actors ability to exercise exploit over other actors at bottom the international system. This influence can be coercive, attractive, cooperative, or competitive. Mechanisms of influence can allow in the threat or use of force, economic interaction or pressure, diplomacy, and cultural exchange.Spheres, blocs, and alliancesUnder certain circumstances, states can organize a sphere of influence or a bloc within which they exercise predominant influence. Historical examples include the spheres of influence recognized under the contrive of Europe, or the recognition of spheres during the coldness War following the Yalta Conference. The Warsaw Pact, the Free World, and the Non-Aligned Movement were the blocs that arose out of the Cold War contest. Military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact are another forum by means of which influence is exercised. However, Realist theory often attempts to stay away from the creation of powerful blocs/spheres that can create a hegemon within the region. British foreign policy, for example, has always sided against the hegemonic forces on the continent, i.e. Nazi Ger umteen, Napoleonic France or Habsburg Austria.Power as security measuresPower is also used when describing states or actors that have achieved military victories or security for their state in the international sy stem. This general usage is most commonly found among the writings of historians or popular writers. For instance, a state that has achieved a string of combat victories in a military campaign against other states can be tied as powerful. An actor that has succeeded in protecting its security, sovereignty, or strategic sidelines from repeated or significant challenge can also be suckd as powerful.Power as competencyPower is the capacity to direct the decisions and actions of others. Power derives from strength and will. Strength comes from the transformation of resources into capabilities. Will infuses objectives with resolve. Strategy set capabilities and brings them to bear with precision. Statecraft seeks through strategy to magnify the mass, relevance, impact, and irresistibility of power. It guides the ways the state deploys and applies its power abroad. These ways embrace the arts of war, espionage, and diplomacy. The practitioners of these three arts are the paladins of s tatecraft. Charles W. Freeman, Jr.Power is also used to describe the resources and capabilities of a state. This definition is quantitative and is most often used by geopoliticians and the military. Capabilities are thought of in tangible terms-they are measurable, weighable, quantifiable assets. Thomas Hobbes spoke of power as present means to scram some future apparent good. securely Power can be treated as a potential and is not often enforced on the international stage.Chinese strategists have such a concept of national power that can be measured quantitatively using an index cognise as comprehensive national power.Soft versus hard powerSome political scientists distinguish betwixt two types of power soft and hard. The former is attractive while the latter is coercive. Joseph Nye is the leading proponent and theorist of soft power. Instruments of soft power include debates on cultural values, dialogues on ideology, the attempt to influence through good example, and the appea l to commonly accepted human values. Means of exercising soft power include diplomacy, dissemination of information, analysis, propaganda, and cultural programming to achieve political ends.Hard power refers to coercive tactics the threat or use of armed forces, economic pressure or sanctions, assassination and subterfuge, or other forms of intimidation. Hard power is generally associated to the stronger of nations, as the ability to change the domestic affairs of other nations through military threats.CORE CONCEPTWhy is power important to international relations ?Undoubtedly power acts as a major theme within the study of international relations, yet as a concept it is highly contested and difficult if not impossible to define.The oxford concise dictionary of political sympathies attempts to define power as the ability to make people (or things) do what they would not otherwise have done. However power can be seen in many different forms be it that of economic, political, military or psychological.Within the many different theories of international relations the concept of power features widely yet its interpretation and significance differs throughout. As there are so many theories within the study of international relations is impossible to localise on them all and so I have decided to predominantly look at the ideas within realism.In post war scholarship the starting point for most theorizing about international regime has been power and national interest, with power understood ultimately as a military capability and interest as an egotistic desire for power, security or wealth. The proposition that the nature of international politics is shaped by power relations is noted as a defining characteristic of realism. However this is not only a realist claim, neoliberals to see power as important along with Marxists, feminists and post modernists. Yet outgrowth by looking at the concept of power in a broad sense, free of persific metaphysical judgement i n order to get a preliminary understanding of the term itself.International politics clearly occurs between all states through which administrative transactions occur involving the use of power. It can consequently be argued that all international politics are in a sense power politicsWithin the contemporary international system the majority of nations collective domestic and external goals cannot be defended or achieved without influencing the behaviour of other states. Consequently goal attainment is dependent upon the reactions and actions of others. This is where the importance of power as a concept comes into the study of international politics because power includes the means by which all states influence the behaviour of others in order to protect and extend their own interests.This probability is able to exist because states pursue miscellaneous interests and can agree or disagree on any one of them pursuing them individually.Categories of powerIn the modern geopolitical landscape, a number of terms are used to describe powers of various types, these includeHyperpower coined to describe the post-Cold War United States or the British Empire shortly after the Napoleonic wars. exponent Fox (1944) defined the Superpower as great power plus great mobility of power and determine 3 states, the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. heavy(p) power in historical mentions, the term Great power refers to any nations that have strong political, cultural and economic influence over nations well-nigh it and across the world. (Examples China, France, India, Russia, Germany, and the United Kingdom.)Middle power a subjective description of second-tier influential states that could not be described as Great powers. (Examples Japan, South Korea, Canada, Australia, The Netherlands, and Israel.)The term Regional power is also used to describe a nation that exercises influence and power within a region. Being a regional power is not mutually exclusi ve with any of the above categories.The term Energy superpower describes a state of matter that has immense influence or even direct control over more of the worlds energy supplies. Russia and Saudi Arabia are generally adjudge as the worlds two current energy superpowers, given their abilities to globally influence or even directly control prices to certain countries.The term entertainment superpower or finale superpower describes a country in which has immense influence or even direct control over much of the worlds entertainment or has an immense large cultural influence on much of the world. Although this is debated on who meets such criteria, many agree that the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan are generally acknowledged as the entertainment and cultural superpowers, given their abilities to distri barelye their entertainment and cultural innovations worldwide.Categories of power (Diagramatic representation)CDocuments and SettingsDellMy DocumentsMy PicturesPowers_i n_international_relations.png single-valued function reflecting the categories of power in international relations.countries most often considered to be Superpowerscountries most often considered to be Great powerscountries most often considered to be Regional powercountries most often considered to be Middle powersELEMENTS OF roleThe elements of a countrys power can be roughly categorized as those that constituteIts national incumbranceIts national infrastructureIts national economyIts militaryThe core and infrastructure form the basis for economic and military power. The national core consists of a countrys technological sophistication , its transportation system and its information and communicating capabilities.CONCLUSIONPower is the foundation of diplomacy in a conflictual world. National power is the sum of a countrys assets that enhance its ability to get its way even when opposed by others with different interests and goals.Measuring power is especially difficult as the ef forts to do so have not been very successful but it helps us to see many of the complexities of analyzing the characters of power . These characteristics include the facts that power is dynamic , both objective and subjective, relative, situational and multidimensional.