Perpetual Motion And Movement Engineering Essay

unbroken Motion And Movement Engineering EssayThe circumstance invariable trend exactly refers to the movement that goes forever. However the term ordinarily refers to any device thatAlways produces to a greater extent skill than it consumes that ultimately results in a net output of zip fastener for indefinite time. The fairness of conservation of pushing states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, according to this rightfulness in that respect could not be any such(prenominal) kind of railway gondola in existence.The most commonly contemplated type of unending motility mould is a mechanistic system which sustains deed indefinitely, regardless of losing energy tofrictionand glow resistance. A randomness type of impossible utter(a) accomplishment implement is wiz which does not violate conservation of energy, but produces work by spontaneously extracting cacoethesfrom its surroundings, on that pointby cooling them down, and converting the heat energy into windup(prenominal) work. Such machines are prohibited by thesecond rectitude of thermodynamics. fundamental PRINCIPLE OF PERPETUAL doing cable carThe perpetual motion machine violates both(prenominal) send-off truth of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a statement of conservation of energy while the second law has so many incompatible kinds of definitions, and can be exposit in many ways. The most common definition of second law is heat always flows from hot body to shiveryer body. No heat engine can be more efficient than a Carnot heat engineMachines which are claimed not to violate either of the two laws of thermodynamics but alternatively to generate energy from unconventional sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual motion machines. By way of example, it is possible to design a quantify or other low- strength machine, such as Coxs timepiece, which weathers on the differences in barometri c pressure or temperature between night and day. Such a machine has a source of energy, albeit one from which it is impractical to produce power in quantity.CLASSIFICATION OF PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINEPERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF FIRST directPERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDERPERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF THIRD ORDERPERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF SECOND ORDERImpossible machines.Our second kind is of machines that challenge logic like the drawings of Maurice Escher, where wet runs perpetually downhill, but in a closed cycle. In fact, Escher did make one drawing of a waterwheel run perpetually in such a flow (See learn ). Another impossible machine has weights of magnitude 9 on one side which become of weight 6 on the other when the weights good turn upside-downIt is a machine which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However it does violate the mo re subtle second law of thermodynamics. This type of machine is different from real heat engines (such as car engines), which always involve a transfer of heat from a hotter informant to a colder one, the latter being warmed up in the process. In a perpetual motion machine of the second kind there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This conversion of heat into reusable work, without any side effect, is not possible, according to the second law of thermodynamics. In relevance, for example, an automobile engine is not a perpetual motion machine because it works on the basis of the temperature difference between the give notice earnest in the cylinder and the cooler environment outside. In order so that it functions, some of the chemical energy released as heat when the fuel burn must not be converted to work, but must be exhausted to the cooler reservoir of the environment by the exha ust waste and the radiator. As explained by statistical mechanics, there are far more states in which heat distribution is close to thermodynamic equilibrium than states in which heat is concentrated in small regions, so temperatures will draw to even out over time, reducing the nitty-gritty of free energy available for conversion to mechanical energy.Why is Perpetual Motion considered to be Impossible?The idea of perpetual motion sounds so clear-cut. An electric car powered by perpetual motion could recharge its own batteries forever, or a perpetual motion clock could without human intervention rewind itself for years. merely there is a reason why perpetual motion machines hold on in the area of dream its the Laws of Thermodynamics. Some ruses may appear to run by perpetual motion, but they usually rely on a hidden source of external energy.Both the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics relieve our perpetual motion car in the garage. According to one fragment of the First Law, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed to different forms. The batteries which power an electric car only contain a fixed amount of energy. Most of this energy goes into propelling the electric motor, but some is ineluctably lost by dint of friction and the recreation of momentum after a stop. Our perpetual motion cars recharger would have to create even more energy in order to keep the batteries at full capacity. No such power generator exists, nor can one be built if the Laws of Thermodynamics are true.The Second Law of Thermodynamics also prevents perpetual motion machines from becoming reality. composition of the Second Law states that heat energy inevitably seeks out cold areas, eventually creating a neutral temperature state called entropy. This means our proposed perpetual motion car will eventually conk out from a privation of usable heat energy. The motor casing gets hot during work, and some of that heat energy would be dissipated into the air, not brook into the battery system. Since external factors such as gravity and friction would be constantly puff on the machine, eventually all of the usable energy would be lost.Perpetual motion machines would only be possible if a substance could be comprise that generated more energy than it used. Some inventors hoped that radioactive materials would prove to be useful as perpetual motion engines, but their energy is all the same considered finite. Magnets have also been used to power would-be perpetual motion machines, but their continued operation often requires some external energy source. Gravity is usually considered a force hostile to the cause of perpetual motion, but some inventors use gravity to their advantage when creating theoretical perpetual motion machines.Because scientific laws and theories generally deem perpetual motion impossible, perceptible offices are extremely reluctant to grant patents for such machines. Proposed perpetual motion machines are the only devi ces which require a work model at the time of patent application. To date, no inventor has successfully submitted a working model of a true perpetual motion machineMACHINES THAT work ON PERPETUAL MOTIONMotionless Electro attractive forceic seed, a device that purportedly taps vacuum energy.Perepiteia, a device that claims to utilize back EMF.Stanley Meyers water fuel carrellMotionless Electromagnetic GeneratorAn electromagnetic generator without moving parts includes a constant magnet and a magnetic Core including first and second magnetic paths. A first excitant coil and a first output coil cover up round Portions of the first magnetic path, while a second input coil and a second output coil extend approximately Portions of the second magnetic path. The input coils are alternatively pulsed to provide generate Current pulses in the output coils. Driving electrical up-to-date through each of the input coils reduces a Level of flux from the permanent magnet within the magn et path around which the input coil extends. In an alternative embodiment of an electromagnetic generator, the magnetic core includes annular Spaced-apart plates, with posts and permanent magnets extending in an alternating fashion between the plates. An output coil extends around each of these posts. Input coils extending around portions of the plates are pulsed to cause the induction of current within the output coils.WATER FUEL CELLThe water fuel stall is a purported perpetual motion machine invented by American Stanley Allen Meyer (August 24, 1940 March 21, 1998). He claimed that an automobile retrofitted with the device could use water as fuel as a substitute of gasoline. The fuel mobile phone supposedly split water into its component elements, hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen was then burned-out to generate energy, a process that reconstituted the water molecules. According to Meyer, the device compulsory less energy to perform electrolysis than the minimum energy require ment predicted or measured by conventional science. If the device worked as specified, it would violate both the first and second laws of thermodynamics, allowing operation as a perpetual motion machine. Meyers claims about his Water Fuel Cell and the car that it powered were found to be fraudulent by an Ohio court in1996.Throughout his patents and merchandise material, Meyer uses the terms fuel cell or water fuel cell to refer to the portion of his device in which electricity is passed through water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Meyers use of the term in this sense is different towards its usual meaning in science and engineering, in which such cells are typically called electrolytic cells. Furthermore, the term fuel cell is generally reserved for cells which produce electricity from a chemical redox reaction, whereas Meyers fuel cell consumed electricity, as shown in his patents and in the circuit pictured on the left. Meyer describes in a 1990 patent the use of a water fuel c ell assembly and portrays some images of his fuel cell water capacitor. According to the patent, in this part the term fuel cell refers to a single unit of the invention comprising a water capacitor cell that produces the fuel gas in accordance with the method of the invention.REFRENCESUS Patent 6, 362, 718, Motionless Electromagnetic Generator Patrick, et al.(March 26, 2002)